Friday, March 20, 2009

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Wislawa Szymborska


Wislawa Szymborska (born July 2, 1923 Bnin) - Polish poet, essayist and literary critic, translator, columnist and member of Polish Writers' Association and the Polish Academy of Sciences, Nobel Prize laureate (1996). Born in
Bnin near Poznan, her parents were Vincent Szymborski (1870 - 1936) - Zakopane wealth manager Count Władysław Zamoyski (in January 1923, shortly before the birth of his daughter was transferred to Kórnik to organize local financial affairs) and Anna Maria d. Rottermund (1890 - 1960). Since 1924 the family lived Szymborskich in Torun, then from 1929 or 1931 in Krakow, ul.Radziwiłłowskiej. Wislawa there initially attended the Common School. Josepha Joteyko Street. Podwale 6, then, from September 1935 to Ursuline High School in ul.Starowiślnej 3-5.
After the outbreak of World War II continued to study in secret, and since 1943, began working as a clerk on the railways, in order to avoid deportation to labor in the Reich. At the same time the first time made illustrations for books (in English guide First steps in Angielski Jan Stanislawski) and began to write, stories, and occasionally - Poems.
Since 1945 she participated in the literary life of Krakow, by memories of a poet - most impressed by her Czeslaw Milosz. In the same year she began to study Polish philology at the Jagiellonian University, would then move to sociology. Studies, however, not completed due to the difficult financial situation.
In April 1948, she married the poet Adam Wlodek. The newlyweds settled in Krakow, "the colony of writers' Street. Krupnicza. The unique atmosphere of this community had an inspiring impact on the work of the poet. With her husband divorced in 1954. Since 1969 he has been associated with the writer Kornele Filipowicz until his death in 1990 (not connected, however they never married or living together). Creative writing

first poems published in Krakow "Polish Daily", then "rolls" and "Generation." In those days, Szymborska was associated with the environment which accepts the socialist reality. In the years 1947-1948 was secretary of the biweekly educational "Recreation in Cracow" and - among others - dealt with the illustrations for books. In the first
1949roku Szymborska's poetry collection Poems (according to other sources of sewing banners) has not been accepted for publication, because it "did not meet the requirements of the socialist." First book was released in 1952, a book of poems is why we live with lines such as "Nowa Huta building the Youth" and "Lenin." Szymborska was admitted to the Union of Polish Writers. She was a member of the Communist Party until 1966. In 1953, he signed a resolution ZLP in Krakow, in condemning the clerics condemned the priests of the Curia of Krakow [. Already 1957Szymborska established contacts with the Parisian "Kultura". In 1964, Szymborska was the among the signatories to the protest falsified by the authorities condemning Radio Free Europe for the sound of the Letter 34
in 1975 signed the protest letter of 59, in which prominent Polish intellectuals protested against the change in the constitution, introducing a provision on the leading role of the Communist Party and the eternal alliance with the Soviet Union.

Wednesday, March 11, 2009

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Fyodor Dostoyevsky


Fyodor Mikhailovich

Dostoyevsky was born. 30 October 1821 (11 November) in Moscow, died. January 28, 1881 (February 9 ns.) In St. Petersburg) - Russian writer. Considered a master of psychological fiction, and one of the most important novelists, not only of Russian literature, but the world.

Fedor (Theodore), Dostoyevsky was born the second son of the Head of military hospital in Moscow. He had six siblings: Michael, Barbara, Andrew, Vera, Nicholas and Alexandra. Dostoyevsky's father was also the owner of two villages: Darowoje and Czeremosziny. The latter was assassinated by his peasants (1839). In February 1837umarła writer's mother, in January 1838 under the influence of Dostoevsky's father joined the Military School of Engineering located in the Castle Mikhailovski in St. Petersburg. School graduated in 1843 and then served in the army as an engineer-lieutenant. After only one year but decided to abandon the army and start a writing career. He leaves the army with the rank of Lieutenant-engineer. His first book, Poor People (1846, some publications report the date 1845, but it is the date of writing, not of the book), moved by the Belinsky, one of the more well-known critics, which facilitated the first steps in putting the writer on the literary scene. Dostoyevsky seemed more books: a double , White Nights, Nietoczkę Niezwanową , Player. It is believed that most of the books in the first period of Dostoyevsky's work falls short of his later works. The above-mentioned book brought him fame and, of course, a good writer's opinion, but it's not because there is history of literature.